A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. This is most commonly due to tumours that either compress the vessel from the outside, or invade the vessel itself. Thrombectomy, thrombosis, superior vena cava syndrome, superior vena cava obstruction doi. Lung cancer is the most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome svcs and requires timely recognition and management. The photograph shows massive engorgement of collateral subcutaneous veins of the chest and abdomen in a 58year. Reproduced with permission from braunwalds heart disease, 8th ed 2008. Cancers of the breast, lung, and esophagus, as well as lymphoma, are associated with this condition. Thank you, for helping us keep this platform clean. The other lung, he noted, was quite free from the morbid growth. Currently, svc syndrome is generally due to cancer or thrombotic events.
Superior vena cava syndrome svcs results from compression of the superior vena cava. A 42yearold male patient was seen at consultation presenting with. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a clinical syndrome that arises when there is blockage of the superior vena cava, either because of thrombosis or because of external pressure. Superior vena cava syndrome an overview sciencedirect. Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment strategies. This condition is mainly seen in pregnant females and the vein gets obstructed as a result of the growing fetus. At 3 months followup the patient was dyspnea and chest pain free, but. Only if the loss of appetite is from the stress of worrying about the svc syndrome. Twenty one children 20 males and 1 female with a median age of 10. Bilyeu, md approximately 15,000 cases of superior vena cava svc obstruction are diagnosed in the united states annually. In order to study the clinical profile of children presenting with superior vena cava syndrome svcs, case records of all children presenting with svcs over a 10year period were retrospectively analyzed. The superior vena cava is the large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, arms and chest to the heart.
Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a frequent presentation of malignancies involving the mediastinum and can seriously compromise treatment options and prognosis. Nonhodgkins lymphoma nhl is the most common cause of svcs in children. The stenosis should be covered with at least 1 cm free both proximal and distal to the lesion 4. Inferior vena cava syndrome is a pathological condition which is characterized by obstruction or blockage of the inferior vena cava vein which transports blood from the lower extremities to the heart. Obstruction of the superior vena cava svc may occur as an acute or subacute process producing a syndrome with characteristic features including facial edema and plethora, dilation of chest wall and neck veins, mild to moderate respiratory difficulty, and, less commonly, conjunctival edema, central nervous system complaints such as headache, or, more rarely, visual disturbances. Oct 01, 2017 superior vena cava syndrome occurs when the superior vena cava becomes blocked. Mar 17, 2015 superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Catheters should be removed and local thrombolysis andor shortcourse anticoagulation should be considered in these patients. Svcs is a significant disorder affecting up to 10 % of small cell lung cancer sclc patients and 24 %. Superior vena cava syndrome is a condition where blood flow through one of the major veins to the right side of the heart is blocked. Superior vena cava svc syndrome is a relatively common complication of lung cancer.
Review of evolving etiologies, implications and treatment. External compression occurs from enlarged lymph nodes or tumors. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs refers to the clinical syndrome with symptoms that results from this obstruction. The editors will have a look at it as soon as possible. Patients have a cough and dyspnea, particularly when supine, and they have swelling of the head and upper extremities as a result of venous compression. Ppt superior vena cava syndrome powerpoint presentation.
Those who have bronchogenic carcinoma or cancer of the lungs have accounted to be one of the top causing conditions of superior vena cava syndrome. For a few, superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome will be the. Symptoms include facial edema, dyspnea, cough, neck distension, hoarseness and dysphagia, while severe cases may present with coma and severe respiratory distress. Stent placement for the treatment of malignant superior vena cava. The superior vena cava begins behind the lower border. A clot was surgically removed from the left subclavian vein. Superior vena cava syndrome request pdf researchgate. An intrathoracic malignancy is responsible for 60 to 85 percent of cases of superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome, and svc obstruction is the presenting overview of the risk factors, pathology, and clinical manifestations of lung cancer view in chinese. The superior vena cava is one of the primary veins within our bodies. The result is decreased venous return to the heart. Ideal sources for wikipedia s health content are defined in the guideline wikipedia. Superior vena cava syndrome definition of superior vena. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and nonhodgkins lymphoma, directly compressing or invading.
Superior vena cava svc syndrome occurs in approximately 15,000 people in the united states each year. Superior vena cava syndrome an overview sciencedirect topics. Description superior vena cava syndrome is a partial occlusion of the. Superior vena cava syndrome, topics in thoracic surgery, paulo f. Mar 27, 2020 superior vena cava syndrome svcs is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc. Superior vena cava syndrome canadian cancer society. Svcs is an emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. Superior vena cava syndrome in children doctor answers. The resulting increased venous pressure in the upper body may cause edema of the head, neck, and upper. Superior vena cava syndrome is caused by advanced cancers arising in or invading the mediastinum, subsequently obstructing the venous drainage of the head, neck, and upper thoracic regions. Superior vena cava syndrome treatment algorithm bmj. Superior vena cava syndrome is a form of vessel obstruction that occurs as a result of mechanical compression or due to thrombosis. Postprocedural venography after stenting and balloon dilatation showing free. The superior vena cava syndrome svcs comprises various symptoms due to occlusion of the svc, which can be easily obstructed by pathological conditions eg, lung cancer, due to the low internal venous pressure within rigid structures of the thorax trachea, right bronchus, aorta.
A 41yearold woman was admitted five years ago with pain and swelling in the left arm. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs, a clinical manifestation arising from compression of the thinwalled superior vena cava svc, was first described by william hunter in 1757 and can be caused by a variety malignancies hunter and johnston 1757. Sep 01, 2017 the superior vena cava is one of the primary veins within our bodies. The diagnosis can be made clinically, but imaging studies are. Idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome irds or rds of newborn. Clinical condition that occurs due to obstruction of the superior vena cava.
It transports blood from our arms, chest, neck, and head to our hearts. Superior mediastinal syndrome, also called superior vena cava syndrome results from the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass that compresses the trachea and the superior vena cava. Superior vena cava syndrome in thoracic malignancies. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs results from the impair. The syndrome was originally described as being secondary to an infection, such as tuberculosis, or a syphilitic aortic aneurysm 24. Treatment should also be individualized and should not be undertaken until a diagnosis is obtained. Outlaw march 9, 2004 svc syndrome constellation of signs and symptoms caused by obstruction of blood flow in the superior vena. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a relatively common sequela. It carries low oxygen blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium of the heart. The diagnosis can be made clinically, but imaging studies are recommended for confirmation. Blood from your upper body normally flows through the superior vena cava and into the right side of your heart.
Clarkepearson md, in clinical gynecologic oncology ninth edition, 2018. Bypass superior vena cava to left pulmonary vein, open approach. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Media in category superior vena cava syndrome the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs, is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava svc, a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. Complications such as postoperative asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, filter migration, and superior vena cava syndrome did not occur in any of the. The superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a rare pathological process caused by. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a group of symptoms that can occur in people who have lung cancer, lymphoma, or other cancers that involve the center of the chest. Superior vena cava syndrome is noted to affect a number of people and that about 90% of those noted with such condition are caused by some form of malignancy. In svc sydrome an external or internal mass occludes the superior vena cava.
Introduction superior vena cava syndrome svcs is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc. Analysis of venacavograms in 27 patients with superior vena caval obstruction revealed the following four patterns of venous collateral return. To know the main causes of svcs in a third level hospital. Supra and infraazygous obstruction leading to superior vena cava svc syndrome. Vascular thrombosis, especially venous, is common in this condition and also constitutes a basic diagnostic criterion. Superior vena cava svc obstruction can occur from extrinsic compression, intrinsic stenosis, or thrombosis.
She was asymptomatic until six months before admission when she developed pain and swelling in the face and both upper. William hunter first described the syndrome in 1757 in a patient with syphilitic aortic aneurysm. The superior vena cava svc is a large valveless venous channel formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins. Its affection of the superior vena cava is rather rare with only a few cases described in the literature. Primary tumors are most commonly the cause of this syndrome.
Superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Feb 19, 2014 superior vena cava syndrome svcs is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava svc. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum, most commonly lung cancer and nonhodgkins lymphoma, directly compressing or invading the svc wall. Chronic warfarin therapy up to 1 year has been described in some reports.
Superior vena cava obstruction radiology reference article. The most common clinical setting where superior vena cava syndrome is encountered is in patients with cancer, either disseminated or local in the chest such as lung or breast cancer and lymphoma. It is a medical emergency and most often manifests in patients with a malignant disease process within the thorax. The syndrome is rarely an oncologic emergency in the absence of tracheal compression and airway compromise. Superior vena cava syndrome treatment algorithm bmj best. A restriction of the blood flow occlusion through this vein can cause superior vena cava syndrome svcs. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a group of symptoms that occur when there is pressure on the superior vena cava, or it is partially blocked and blood cant flow back to the heart normally. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is rare in children. Superior vena cava syndrome symptoms, causes, test. Treatment should also be individualized and should. It is a medical emergency and most often manifests in patients with a malignant disease. Malignancies are the main cause and are considered an oncologic emergency. A cancerrelated medical emergency more pulmccm topic updates multiple cancers are expected to rise in prevalence in the u. Superior vena cava syndrome occurs when the superior vena cava becomes blocked.
Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about superior vena cava syndrome. Obstruction of the superior vena cava svc may occur as an acute or subacute process producing a syndrome with characteristic features including facial edema and plethora, dilation of chest wall and neck veins, mild to moderate respiratory difficulty, and, less commonly, conjunctival edema, central nervous system complaints such as headache, or, more rarely. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs develops when your superior vena cava is partially or fully blocked. Superior vena cava syndrome results from the obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava and. Treatment depends on the etiology of the obstructive process. It receives blood from the upper half of the body except the heart and returns it to the right atrium. Knowledge of the superior vena cava syndrome has been dated back to the 1757 work of william hunter in the field of syphilis. Complications such as postoperative asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, filter migration, and superior vena cava syndrome did not occur in any of the cases within the 6 months to 24 months of follow up. Superior vena cava syndrome symptoms, causes, test, treatment. Malignancies primarily lung cancer are the underlying cause of 8085% of cases, leaving 1520% caused by various benign conditions, including sclerosing. Superior vena cava syndrome has historically been associated with malignancy. Technical failure was associated with svc occlusions and primarily with bilateral innominate vein occlusion.
The photograph shows massive engorgement of collateral subcutaneous veins of the chest and abdomen in a 58yearold man with partial obstruction of the superior vena. In superior vena cava syndrome svcs, this vein has. Superior vena cava syndrome discharge care what you. Superior vena cava syndrome superior vena cava obstruction. The severity of the signs and symptoms presented depends on. Superior vena cava syndrome images bmj best practice. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is mechanical obstruction of the superior vena cava svc due to venous thrombi or extrinsic compression by intrathoracic tumours in most cases.
Cardiac tamponade after malignant superior vena cava stenting. Definition the superior vena cava is the major vein in the chest that carries blood from the upper part of the body in to the heart. The resulting increased venous pressure in the upper body may cause. The superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a rare pathological process caused by the superior vena cava obstruction svco.
1358 321 852 667 1315 1407 1298 1208 1283 1292 106 1097 1065 510 97 1441 1182 1172 1216 845 308 1320 1478 1385 546 1175 337 921 687 247 1272 542 368 680 825 253 121 1059 1042 1364 1331 701