Its necessary to formulate products able to obtain satisfactory. Printing ink technology and manufacture nz institute of chemistry. A multipurpose, hard finish nitrocellulose lacquer with excellent adhesion to a wide variety of substrates. Cellulose is nitrated to form an ester, nitrocellulose, which is then treated with either alcohol or water and sold as wet powder. Nitrocellulose general purpose adhesive formulation. Among other factors, the formulation of a printing ink must take into account the. Formulations for solventbased flexographic or rotogravure inks, which are capable of highquality, defectfree printing at high speeds, contain flexographic ink resins solutions and solvent mixtures which are designed to maintain a dynamic solubility parameter in the ink as the dry state is approached during the printing process. Nitrocellulose, a mixture of nitric esters of cellulose, and a highly flammable compound that is the main ingredient of modern gunpowder and is also employed in certain lacquers and paints. The most commonly used resins are listed in table 1. He formulated the compound by combining nitric acid with wood fibers or starch. Production of nitrocellulose solution is not very complicated. Safe use, handling and storage of nitrocellulose fires often occur at paint and ink manufacturing factories, where nitrocellulose damped with isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol is used in the blending process. Printing ink and overprint varnish formulations jh libraries.
Mar 20, 2007 the first edition of the printing ink manual was published by the society of british printing ink manufacturers in 1961 to fill the need for an authorative textbook on printing technology, which would serve both as a training manual and a reliable reference book for everyday use. Preparation and characterisation of flexographic inks. For basic white nitrocellulose ink, the following formulation could be used. The object of the dehydration is to remove all water from the nitrocellu lose and to replace it with the appropriate quantity of alcohol for a colloid with the et her added in a later step. As regards color, ordinary printing ink should be a pure. Nitrocellulosebased printing inks are used for printing flexible films used in the packaging industry, mainly for packing foods such as biscuits and. Nitrocellulosebased printing inks european coatings. Nitrocellulose market projections 20192025 global report.
For economys sake, however, newspaper printers often use. Chemistry of the resin the polymer is derived from the reaction of a polyol and isocyanate. The first edition of the printing ink manual was published by the society of british printing ink manufacturers in 1961 to fill the need for an authorative textbook on printing technology, which would serve both as a training manual and a reliable reference book for everyday use. Developed in partnership with the following associations. Ink manufacturing and the dispersion of pigment into.
Nitrocellulose, also known as cellulose nitrate, is one of the most useful filmformers known for the coatings, film, ink and adhesive industry. Flexographic inksflexographic inks adhesion ink andor top lacquer do not bind to each other or to substrate. Composition of polyurethane inks for rotogravure and flexography. Preparation and characterization of polyurethane plasticizer. What should a formulation of clear nc lacquer for wood coatings look like.
Nitrocellulose wood lacquers optimized formulations forum. Other key end user segments for printing inks include books and stationery. Nitrocellulose was discovered by french chemist henri braconnot in 1832. The major content of the book are the colour and colour matching, raw materials, printing inks, ink formulations.
In a typical formulation, the polymer is plasticized with camphor and dissolved in. The stiffness of nitrocellulose requires the addition of plasticizers such as polyurethane in the ink formulation, polymeric plasticizers are incorporated into packaging inks to provide a nonmigrating character, enhanced flexibility and mechanical properties, high temperature resistance, improved adhesion and resistance to water and deep freeze. Different inks are produced to suit these different conditions. Alchemix the leader in nitrocellulosebased lacquers. Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin. The use of f umaric rosin to form flexographic inks instead of polyurethane was novel. Create your own easy baking soda stalactites and stalagmites. In 1846, a germanswiss chemist, christian shonbein, discovered an easier method of synthesizing nitrocellulose. The latest evolutions in the formulation of flexo gravure inks mainly concern water based inks. The ballpoint pen, the felttip marker, and the fibretip pen have led to inks containing solutions of dyes in water or organic solvents such as propylene glycol, propyl alcohol, toluene or glycoethers. Sending secret messages on nitrocellulose membrane and the use of a molecular pen 575 thus, any horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugate could be used as an invisible ink to send.
Page 5 of 7 kane international corporation 411 theodore fremd. Pdf sending secret messages on nitrocellulose membrane. Nobel nc extensive nitrocellulose product range is designed to meet current and future application requirements. Unlike alkyd or melaminecured systems, polyurethane coatings are based upon a welldefined stoichiometry. It is a high quality, supremely flexible material that demonstrates outstanding functionality, excellent value for money and high standards of safety. Sma 17352 or sma 2625 can be particularly beneficial to ink properties when added at a 25% level. Pdf functional inks and printing of twodimensional materials.
The complete technology book on printing inks author. Printing inks and paper lacquers with a high odourless solvent content are much in demand inthe packaging industry and in flexographic printing, where it is important that solvents do not attack the rubber blankets used in this process. The complete technology book on expanded plastics, polyurethane, polyamide and polyester fibres. Get more details on this report request free sample pdf.
Basically similar to rotary letterpress printing it uses a raised. Despite the advent of new types of binder, cellulose nitrate is still a very important film forming agent for a whole range of applications in the furniture industry. This feature allows the design of polyurethane coating systems to meet specific enduse requirements. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, raw materials and mixing tank. The book soon became established as a standard source of information on. New emulsions resin water suspensions enable new water based inks to be formulated, providing alternative solutions to solvent based inks and thereby limiting problems linked to the environment emissions of vocs and the safety of users toxicity, flammability, etc. Nitrocellulose based printing inks are used for printing flexible films used in the packaging industry, mainly for packing foods such as biscuits and. Rotary letterpress is also used for longrun commercial, packaging, book, and magazine. This is used as a binder in printing inks and coatings. Apr 01, 2005 the nitrocellulose grades offered by wolff cellulosics are damped with at least 30% alcohol or water, or in the case of ncchips phlegmatised with 20% plasticiser. Pigments colour the ink and make it opaque resins bind the ink together into a film and bind it to the surface solvents make the ink flow so that it can be transferred to the printing surface. Using a suitable cross linker catalyst, the resistance goes to 180c. Nobel nc is the worlds leading manufacturers of industrial nitrocellulose, a film forming resin used in the inks and coatings market.
Nitrocellulose wood lacquers optimized formulations. The difference between walsroder nitrocellulose and walsroder ncchips is the type of phlegmatizer used alcohol or plasticizer. Changes in ink chemistry over the years closely reflect developments in the instruments for ink coating. Ink manufacturing and the dispersion of pigment into printing ink 1. The following guide formulation parts by weight gives an idea of the possible combinations. The complete technology book on printing inks by niir. Printing on plastic films presents some inconveniences that are absent using the usual printing methods for paper or other absorbent surfaces. The complete technology book on printing inks by niir board, isbn.
Nitrocellulose also called cellulose nitrate is commonly used in paints, lacquers, wood, paper and metalvarnishes, inks for printing on packaging and in making celluloid. Analysis of lacquers containing nitrocellulose, alkyd resins, and phthalatetype plasticizers. At alchemix, we have a deep history of expertise in the wood finishes marketplace, developing customized nitrocellulose solutions for a wide range of clients since 1947. In this book an attempt has been made to bring together the useful manner as possible the fundamental principles of ink making. Its importance stems from its excellent solvent release and compatibility with a wide range of other additives. Nitrocellulose market size estimated at usd 795 million in 2018 and will expect consumption of over 305 kilo tons by 2025. Ink and nitrocellulose parker the fountain pen network.
Nitrocellulose is also referred to as pyroxylin, gun cotton, or collodion, although the last term also listed as cas no. More than one resin is typically used in an ink formulation. Kfilm 2072 is also suggested for lamination ink formulation. A nitrocellulose based ink added with titanium oxide and polyurethane could resist at 120c for 1 or 2 seconds. Nitrocellulose is available in different grades and in flexographic inks. Yellowblack doubletone ink nitrocellulose inks special letterpress inks letterpress ink worries and cures caking. The transfer property of an ink has importance in formulation and the use of. These include plasticisers, pigments and resins which are added to the ink to give the right combination of properties for the intended application. The invisible ink was concocted by diluting horse radish peroxidase conjugate.
In a typical formulation, the polymer is plasticized with camphor and dissolved in an alcoholesterketone mixture. At room temperature, pure nitrocellulose is a whiteyellow solid with an etherlike odour. Flexible packaging printing processes overview slide 11 2009 consumer packaging solutions for barrier performance course basic ink formulation examples water 65% solution resin 10% emulsion resin 10% solvent 65% polyamide resin 10% nitrocellulose resin 10% reactive diluents up to 30% acrylate monomer acrylate prepolymer 55% content. Depending on the manufacturing process, nitrocellulose is esterified to varying degrees.
Cellulose nitrate, or nitrocellulose, adhesives have historically been one of the most versatile adhesives, as witnessed to its well known use as a common household cement. It provides all the information required by the ink technical for the daytoday formulation of inks. Formulation of nitrocellulose lacquers1 industrial. Located in the centre region of france, the leading french region for the production of wind energy, it benefits from a dynamic environmental network. Located in the centre region of france, the leading french region for the production of wind energy, it benefits from a. In cosmetics and personal care products, nitrocellulose is used in the formulation of nail creams and. Selected formulary book on inks, paints, lacquers, varnishes. Product information polyurethane resins impart excellent adhesion to various substrates and offer good heat seal release with resistance to blocking, deepfreeze, oils, fats and water when used to modify nitrocellulose, vinyl, or other film forming resin systems. As nitrocellulose is a highly flammable chemical, it is likely that the fires are caused by ignition of residual nitrocellulose in the blending machine or by. However, industrial nitrocellulose is usually not sold in pure. The company maintains its position at the forefront of the industry by substantial investment in research and development and a commitment to innovation and expertise. One unsuccessful use of nitrocellulose was to make faux ivory billiard balls. The nitrocellulose was an unstable, lightweight, combustible explosive.
Cosmo nitrocellulose grades are new syllabus mathematics 2 pdf elemental. Nitrocellulose lacquer is spincoated onto aluminum or glass discs, then a groove is cut with a lathe, to make oneoff phonograph records, used as masters for pressing or for play in dance clubs. Solubility of nitrocellulose in the given solvent boiling point and evaporation rate of the solvent the solvents are categorized into 2 broad categories viz. Printing processes and printing inks iarc publications. Nitrocellulose lacquer coated sateen requires a medium of nitrocellulose dissolved in methylated spirit, butanol, and some ethyl acetate. Nitrex nitrocellulose lx 35 is a special low viscosity grade that. Flexible packaging printing processes overview slide 11 2009 consumer packaging solutions for barrier performance course basic ink formulation examples water 65% solution resin 10% emulsion resin 10% solvent 65% polyamide resin 10% nitrocellulose resin 10% reactive diluents up to 30% acrylate monomer acrylate prepolymer 55% content provided by. Sending secret messages on nitrocellulose membrane and the use of a molecular pen 575 thus, any horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Nitrocellulose also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, and flash string is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid, or to a mixture of nitric acid and another acid, usually either hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or to another powerful nitrating agent.
Raw materials for printing ink formulations the raw materials for ink production are pigments, binders, solvents and additives 4. Gll series ink has excellent opacity, high gloss, and good mar resistance and is designed for indoor and medium term outdoor application. Applications and characterization of nitrocellulose. A sample of the messages that could be written on nitrocellulose with the invisible ink and developed using ecl plus. Nobel nc nitrocellulose is a key component in many ink formulations. When you team up with alchemix to develop nitrocellulosebased lacquers, coatings, and polymers, we help you. Hello everyone, quink seems to be a reputable ink and is generally considered safe. Dye 1015% phenolic resin 010% sma 17352 1520% ethanol 6065% nitrocellulose cellulose nitrate printing inks sma resins improve a range of properties when added to nitrocellulose based ink formulations.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was the basis of the earliest manmade fibres and plastic. Introduction printing of one form or another has been with us for centuries, and whilst the technologies of both the printing process and the ink formulations have changed considerably, the main functions of decoration and information remain. Design for the environment program economics, exposure, and technology division office of pollution prevention and toxics 7404 u. Mar 16, 2016 ink and nitrocellulose posted in parker. Pdf graphene and related twodimensional materials provide an ideal platform for next. A discussion started in 2004 but continuing through 2019. Nitrocellulose was used as a film base for movies and xrays. The raw materials for ink production are pigments, binders, solvents and additives 4. The book contains formulae processes and other relevant information of the. Therefore the properties of solvent of relevance to the nitrocellulose solution are. Here are instructions for nitrocellulose to use as fire paper, rocket propellant, or lacquer. Fires often occur at paint and ink manufacturing factories, where nitrocellulose damped with isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol is used in the blending process. Dow wolff cellulosics produces only industrial nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of between 10.
The above white base is let down into the ink by adding the appropriate modifying resins, additives and solvents. The chemistry of polyurethane coatings pharos project. The nitrocellulose grades offered by wolff cellulosics are damped with at least 30% alcohol or water, or in the case of ncchips phlegmatised with 20% plasticiser. With the know how and expertise of its specialist teams, the brancher company has long been committed to the preservation of the environment.
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